Observational Learning Essay Example for Free

Observational Learning Essay During this course we studied that behaviors can be learned through our own experiences or observing others. Learning is the knowledge obtained in life through education, interacting with people, experiences and practice. There are three types of learning: Classical Conditioning, operant conditioning, and observational learning. There are many topics that grabbed my interest during this course, but observational learning made me think about my personal life and reminded me of many experiences that I went through in life. Observational learning means that we learn through watching others and then imitating them, this can happen through observing our family, neighbors, friends or TV. I remember when I was a child, I used to watch my mother cooking and then I go back to my room and pretend that am cooking as well. Even though, I grew up and became a very bad cooker. Albert Bandura suggested in his theory The social learning theory that children tend to imitated adults by observing them. He supported his theory in his famous experiment Bobo doll, which shows an adult acting aggressively toward a Bobo doll, and after that when they allowed the children to play with the doll they acted in the same aggressive way. I remember last year I was with my aunt and her 7 years old son in the car going to a restaurant. My aunt is a smoker, so she took out a cigarette and started smoking. After sometimes, her son told her: When I grow up I will smoke cigarettes, she told him: No, you are not allowed to smoke its bad for health, he replayed: But you smoke, I want to be cool like you and when we reached to the restaurant, her son took a straw and started acting as if he is smoking. In addition, Banduaras study showed that people also learn through imitating others who receive punishments and rewards. It means that when a child sees his older siblings getting punished for doing something wrong, the child is more likely to avoid doing it so he/she wont get punished. On the other hand, if a child noticed that one of his siblings are rewarded for behaving in a certain way or doing something good, the child will do the same to get a reward. When I was 9 years old, my parents bought a new toy for my older brother because he got a full mark on one of his subjects at school, I was very jealous that day and decided to study hard to get a full mark so my parents can get me a gift. Learning can be either positive or negative. Positive observational learning is when a person learn a good behavior from someone. When I was young, every time we go to a mall there were these small charity cabinets were you can donate money. I used to see my mother donating money like every time we go to a mall, and now I do the same thing. In contrast, negative observational learning is when a person learn a bad behavior from someone else. It is true that people can learn negative behavior from their siblings, family, friends or neighbors, however; I believe that TV and media content is more dangerous and have more powerful impact on people. For example, my small cousin began to act violently since he started watching WWE (a wrestling show) and he even memorized all the wrestle moves. Everyone in the family and school is complaining that he beats other children so hard. For him, he finds it cool and believe that in this way more people will like him as they like these wrestlers. Finally, I believe that observational learning is an effective way. Children have the right to explore their own world and determine the wrong action from the right one. Of course, parents should act in a proper way in front of their children and be careful of what they are watching, and advice them to do the right thing when the make a mistake.

Culture and Body Modification :: essays research papers fc

The African Bushmen: Driven Out of the Bush and into the Industrial Era?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   4.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Technology and Culture have both influenced each other equally. Technology has been directed as an improvement in our lives, but on the other hand, Culture has been present in every invention, noticeable or not, and advancement in our evolving society. Technology is becoming focused upon more and more everyday, but culture is the determining factor that decides if there is a necessity for an improvement. There are endless views and perspectives that this situation can be viewed from, but without a doubt, technology and culture shape one another. Culture has been a part of our society, and way of life, forever. It is almost impossible to come up with an idea that isn’t influenced by culture. Picture our lives without cars, television, and computers. This would be an example of everyday life without technology. People could function happily in that type of atmosphere, but technology has changed our lives forever. Technology has also cha nged our pace and perspective on education. Students previously would have to go to libraries and spend a lot of time researching to find out information for class assignments, but with technology students can find almost anything on their home computers and by accessing the internet. Technology has definitely become the authoritative factor in our lives, but culture has shaped technology. Technology is made and used in such a variety of ways because many people who use the technology of today come from all walks of life and have different necessities, so to compensate for that, technology must adapt to all different cultures.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Technology in all of its forms, and in recent times with its rapid improvement and advancement, seems to push itself upon us and our culture, and the same can be said for the rest of the world. Cultures that have never been exposed to technology are now using it in small forms, or have adapted to it quite fondly. These cultures realize the supposed importance of technology in their lives, or may enjoy the simplicity of a new tool that frees up spare time and can get objectives accomplished faster and possibly in a better way than previous endeavors.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Of course, there are cultures than ours who do not so easily embrace technology. This decision on a culture’s part may represent its wish to retain customs, or may just as easily represent its fear.

Desiderius Erasmus Essay

Erasmus Desiderius Erasmus Roterodamus (27 October 1466 – 12 July 1 536), known as Erasmus of Rotterdam, or simply Erasmus, was a Dutch Renaissance humanist, Catholic priest, social critic, teacher, and theologian. He was most widely known for his critical and satirical writings. He attempted to reform the Church and because of that, was prosecuted by many people. I am going to consider for and against his deeds and make my own Judgement. Most of the opinions differ. Erasmus became humanist because of his education and morality. He was an intelligent and strong- minded person. He travelled a lot, so that he became a European scholar with huge knowledge of classical literature. Erasmus believed that education could change the world and I strongly agree with him. In his work â€Å"Adages† (1500) he aimed to make classical learning opened to a public and more than 800 sayings in Latin and Greek were explained, which means that he really tried to achieve the goal of reflecting every aspect of the Christian humanism. Later, he created â€Å"New Testament in Greek† (1 516), which was the first ork available in Greek, not in Latin, with lots of notes and explanations, in cosequence of, all public got a great opportunity to access this testament and become more educated. He lived as a devout Christian, but was concerned with the corruption that had spread through the religious positions of the Church. However, Erasmus believed that religious revolt led directly to anarchy; therefore he took the side of neither the Pope, nor the reform radical, Martin Luther. In all his criticism of clerical follies and abuses, he had always carefully hedged himself about with protests, that he was not attacking church institutions themselves and had no enmity toward the persons of churchmen. The world had laughed at his satire, but only a few obstinate eactionaries had seriously interfered with his activities. He had a right to believe that his work so far had commended itself to the best minds and also to the dominant powers in the religious world. His criticism of the Church was therefore heard throughout Europe. He preferred reasoning to bloodshed, unlike many others of his time. While he did not criticize the Church as much as Luther had, he did call for an end to the corruption that had seeped to the core of the Church. However, it is thought that Erasmus tried to undermine the Church, destroy its form. Again, in those â€Å"Praise of Folly’ he argued with popes who claimed to be the Christ representatives on earth: ‘Practically no class of man lives so comfortably with fewer cases; for they believe they do quite enough for Christ if they play their part†¦ y means of every kind of ceremonial and display†¦ for them it is out of fashion to pertorm miracles, teaching the people is too much like nard work†¦ and praying is a waste of time’. Without formally speaking out against the Pope, Erasmus implies that the Pope put on a facade as an all-knowing, all-powerful mortal. He states here that the Pope has no true knowledge as to what God expects from his worsh ipers. He cannot believe that these lucky scientists find people to believe them’. With this last statement, he calls to the people of the Church to not accept everything that is told to them from corrupt authority fgures. He gives an attack on the standarts of the members of the Church. Also, in his second edition of the â€Å"New Testament in Greek† he weakened the Church because he undermined the authority of it by criticising texts on which it relied. Finally, I came to conclusion that Erasmus and other Christiam humanists attempted to reform the Church by calling to the return to the simplicity of the first Christians. They tried to stop the corruption. Erasmus tried to broaden and clear the minds of people. In his â€Å"Freedom of the Will† (1524) he stated that humankind could choose his own density. So, he did not want to undermine the Church completely but make it easier to understand. He changed the education bases. From the â€Å"Handbook of a Christian soldier† (1 503): ‘Charity does not consist in many visits to churches, bowing own in front of statues of saints, in the lighting of candels or repeating set prayers. Of these things God has no need. Charity is to love your neighboor’. In my personal opinion, Erasmus was a great man. He reasoned while others fought. He was courageous in his criticism of the Church. He was a pacifist and a man of tolerance. He was disdainful of cardinals who were too much involved with making money and concerns of the world. Erasmus has Just fighted for his views of life, not paying attention on his enemies. Bibliography: â€Å"AQA History AS† https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erasmus#Early_life https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin_Luther https://en.wikiquote.org/wiki/Desiderius_Erasmus https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canons_Regular

The Relationship between Missionary Efforts and Colonialism

Relationship between Mission and Colonialism Introduction Christianity and colonialism are two terms that are frequently carefully related for the reason that Protestantism and Catholicism were the religions of the European colonial influences (Kea, 2003) and a lot of the time they were known to act in numerous methods as the religious arm of the powers that be (Alfred, 2009). As stated by a man named Edward Andrews, Christian missionaries at one time originally had portrayed themselves as visible saints, examples of perfect piousness in a sea of tenacious savagery. On the other hand, by the time the colonial period starting getting more closer in the last half of the twentieth century, missionaries turned out to be looked at as philosophical shock troops for colonial assault whose zealotry blinded them, (Wild-Wood, 2009) colonialisms agent, scribe and moral alibi. (Alfred, 2009).The relationship that was among Western colonialism, and Christian missions and has been a discordant subject matter for scholars ever since the 1960s. Stated fran kly, the main question has been the degree Western missionaries in Asia, Africa, and somewhere else could be called colonialists and imperialists by some historians. The significant work of John and Jean Comaroff, mainly Of Revelation and Revolution, volumes 1 and 2 (1991, 1997), has motivated thought-provoking conversation of this subject. Regrettably, this discussion has too often been condensed to the all tooShow MoreRelatedThings Fall Apart By Chinua Achebe1829 Words   |  8 Pagesfictional novel. However, the novel describes disagreements and anxiety that occurred in Igbo society. It also shows changes initiated by colonial ruling and Christianity. 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(Bellenir, 2004) The effort to escape Egypt fell under the leadership of Moses who led The Exodus in 1250 B.C.E. which eventually led to the re-establishment of the relationship between God and his chosen people. (Bellenir, 2004) The growth of Judaism included now the Ten Commandments and its rules on how they should live under the laws that God establishedRead MoreThe West African Nation of Nigeria547 Words   |  2 Pagesmajor conflicts in the country are religious, ethnic, economic, and political. However, ethnic and religious conflicts alone claim thousands of lives and affect the countrys economy enormously. Grievance over power distribution and wealth allocation between the Muslim dominated north, and the Christian dominated south created a dip division among the two religious groups. Military rule, poor governance, and corruption also became major impediments for the economic growth and peacebuilding in the country