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Impact Of The New Deal On The Great Depression - 1355 Words

Impact of the New Deal on the Great Depression Preceding the Great Depression, the United States went through a glorious age of prosperity, with a booming market, social changes, and urbanization; America was changing. At the end of the 1920’s and well through the 1930’s, America was faced with its greatest challenge yet; the 1929 stock market crash. It would be the end of the prosperity of the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†. Now the American government and its citizens were faced with a failing economy. President Herbert Hoover was clueless to how to approach the problem. Hoover believed that government works best when it governs less, and should not intervene in the economy. Traditionally, he stayed out the issue hoping that the economy would fix itself; it didn’t. Hoover’s inaction makes his presidency look ineffective as if he caused the Great Depression. Franklin Delano Roosevelt (FDR) succeeded Hoover as president. Like Hoover, FDR didn’t know exactly how to help the economy. Unlike Hoove r, FDR introduced experimental ideas and programs to help solve the issue. These ideas and programs would become a part of Roosevelt s policies known as the New Deal which sought to fix America’s economic struggles. Despite short term successes, the New Deal implemented during the 1930 s by FDR did not lift the United States out of the Great Depression. Instead by intervening in the economy, and creating huge debt, the New Deal prolonged the Great Depression. The New Deal aimed to restoreShow MoreRelatedImpact Of The New Deal And Programs On The Great Depression1274 Words   |  6 Pages Impact of the New Deal and programs on the Great Depression Preceding the Great Depression, the United States went through a glorious age of prosperity, with a booming market, social changes,and urbanization..America was changing. At the end of the 1920’s well through the 1930’s, America was faced with it’s greatest challenge yet. The 1929 stock market crash was the end to the prosperity of the â€Å"Roaring Twenties†. Now the people and government were faced with a huge problem,a failing economy. PresidentRead More The Impact of the New Deal on the Great Depression Era Essay2016 Words   |  9 PagesThe Impact of the New Deal on the Great Depression Era In 1933, President Roosevelt proposed New Deal legislation to alleviate the effects of the Great Depression through various public works programs and other federal initiatives. The many reforms of the New Deal were racked by intense criticism from their very beginnings. The New Deal was a catalyst in the surge of the federal government’s power. One year before the financial collapse on Wall Street, President Hoover said, â€Å"We in AmericaRead MoreTaking Sides : Clashing Views Of United States History By Madaras, Larry And James Sorelle973 Words   |  4 Pageswhich debates on whether the new deal prolonged the great depression. The great depression refers to an era in US history, which happened from 1929 to 1941 during president Franklin Delano Roosevelt era, and it made the US citizens face economic hard times. The great depression era had much overproduction, inequality in wealth distribution and over borrowing. Consequently, the president implemented the new deal with the aim of saving American citizens from the great depression. However, people had differentRead MoreWomen s Role During The Great Depression1232 Words   |  5 PagesAs the Great Depression crept up on the United States people began to see the effects of the economic down spiral. To try a keep afloat people did what they could to survive. The role wom en played during this time period was a strong example of this drive for survival. Women stepped up to the plate for their family and jumped into the workforce to become the new breadwinners of their family. They broke barriers and didn t care what people thought of them. Even though most of the jobs out there wereRead More The Impact of the Great Depression Essay926 Words   |  4 PagesThe Impact of the Great Depression The stock market crash of 1929 sent the nation spiraling into a state of economic paralysis that became known as the Great Depression. As industries shrank and businesses collapsed or cut back, up to 25% of Americans were left unemployed. At the same time, the financial crisis destroyed the life savings of countless Americans (Modern American Poetry). Food, housing and other consumable goods were in short supply for most people (Zinn 282). This widespreadRead MoreHow did the events of the 1930’s impact African Americans prospects?809 Words   |  4 Pages1930’s impact African Americans prospects? Charlie Wilson The 1930’s was a time of great struggle in the USA. The New York stock market crashed in 1929 and triggered a spiral of economic depression, which hit African Americans hard. The Great Depression had a huge impact on African Americans. The Great Depression of the 1930s was catastrophic for all workers. But as usual, African Americans suffered worse, pushed out of unskilled jobs previously scorned by whites before the depression. AfricanRead MoreSocial and Economic Impact of The New Deal Essay966 Words   |  4 PagesSocial and Economic Impact of The New Deal Prior to the great depression, the U.S. economy alternated between periods of prosperity and sharp economic decline. During the great depression, aggregate demand dropped sharply, causing the price level and real GOP to decline. As aggregate output declined, the unemployment rate jumped, climbing from around 3 percent in 1929 to 25 percent in1933. There were several factors that played a major role in the Great Depression. The main explanationRead MoreThe events of the 1930’s, or the Great Depression, did the most to influence contemporary America.900 Words   |  4 Pagesevents of the 1930’s, or the Great Depression, did the most to influence contemporary America. During the twenties, America was at its most prosperous economic times until the stock market crashed in 1929. The stock market crash led to a dramatic decline of the U.S. economy. The decline in the economy changed Americans everyday lives. In 1932, Franklin D. Roosevelt was elected president and he created the New Deal to provide relief, recovery and reform. The Depression impacted America in the 1930’sRead MoreThe Worst Economic Depression Ever Felt Theu.s. Essay1249 Words   |  5 PagesThe worst economic depression ever felt in U.S. history was not only felt in north America, but this also became a worldwide economic slump. The Great Dep ression caused by many factors raised a question of how will the we take a step into recovery. The Election of president Franklin D. Roosevelt in 1932 was the beginning of the shaping of the U.S. government interaction with American citizens. Roosevelts campaign helped him win the election of 1932 with his laudable ideas of how to combat the effectsRead Moreap us history dbq1672 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿1.All of the following statements are true about Herbert Hoover’s responses to the Great Depression EXCEPT: B.:-) He saw the Depression as akin to an act of nature, about which nothing could be done except to ride it out. 2.Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal program attempted or achieved all of the following EXCEPT C.:-) supported the creation of the Reconstruction Finance Corporation. 3.The â€Å"New Immigration† was made up primarily of D.:-) persons from Southern and Eastern Europe.

Reflection of My Clinical Practicum free essay sample

As a second year nursing student, I felt more confident in Simulation Learning Experience (SLE) practicum in that, I could integrate my nursing knowledge, skills, and clinical experience into the practice. In the simulation scenario, I simulated the primary nurse caring for a patient with post-operative complications. I learned about general procedures regarding how to approach a patient with post-operative complications. I learned how to effectively decide which assessments are priority, as well what signs and symptoms posed specific concern in such a scenario. I thought I had done quite well for some part; however, there was a situation in which I did not act as I should have. Elaborate A female patient with a postoperative left total knee arthroplasty, entered my floor that morning. Before she came in, she had vomited three times. My primary assessments focused on pain and the wound. The patient did not complain of pain, but I found a large amount of blood leaking out of the dressing. After analyzing the current vital signs and the lab results from last shift, blood pressure 90/40 mm/Hg was the main issue, so I decided to call the doctor. The doctor ordered : â€Å"2 NS boluses, 500 cc each and 2 units of PRBC’s and to increase the IV maintenance from 75cc/hr to 125cc/hr. † I hung up the IV bags and set up the IV pump, then I called the blood bank. After the blood arrived, my partner disconnected the IV line and connected the blood bag to the saline lock. My patient still complained of dizziness, the blood pressure was 90/50mm/Hg. Under that situation, I really did not how to act in this situation. In this scenario, I also paid close attention to the patient’s temperature and assessed the level of the patient consciousness, and so on. I believe that there were many problems in the scenario that I was unable to address. Analyze I was good at several assessments and interventions in that scenario, which could demonstrate my strength. A patient with a postoperative left total knee arthroplasty required specific assessments. According to Smith (2010), the priority care process should be respiratory and circulatory function, pain, temperature, and surgical site. I focused on pain assessment first, which is very important. Lucas (2008) stated that adequate pain management is essential in that, it can make patients mobilize as soon as possible after surgery. As cited in Smith (2010), the most effective interventions for pain include both pharmacological and non pharmacological approaches. Another good intervention I did was paid more attention on temperature of the patient. According to Smith (2010), if the core temperature was less than 36? , this could mean that the patient had hypothermia. Hypothermia may compromise immune function and cause postoperative pain, bleeding, and delay drug metabolism resulting in a prolonged hospital stay. If the temperature was higher than 37. 7 ? after the first 48 hours of a surgery, then infection should be considered. As well I assessed the patient’s level of the consciousness and sensory and motor status, which was an essential assessment, although they may not be prior assessment in this scenario. I also figured out some of my weaknesses in this scenario, which should be noted and improved in the future. For a postoperative patient, assessment should begin with an evaluation of the airway, breathing, and circulation (ABC) status (Smith, 2010). I assessed the airway and carried out suction, then administered oxygen, but I did not do it immediately. She had vomited three times, keeping the airway patent and administrating oxygen are very important for postoperative care (Smith, 2010). In fact, concerning treatment of hypotension in PACU, should always begin with oxygen therapy to ensure hypo-perfused organs meet the need of oxygen (Smith, 2010). The common cause of hypotension is fluid loss, IV fluid boluses will be given to normalize blood pressure (Smith, 2010), which is the reason why the doctor ordered the IV and blood transfusion. When transfusing blood or blood components, assessment is required before, during, and after the transfusion. If the client has an intravenous line in place, assess the venipuncture site for signs of infection or infiltration and patency (Jantzen Molzahn, 2010). In fact, we did not do very well in blood transfusion and we should keep the IV line running and set up another blood transfusion line in the other arm. The scenario was too short, if I had more time, I should assess potential urinary problem and gastrointestinal problem. Kwong, Kistler, Mills, Wildgoose, Klaskala (2012) stated that venous thromboembolism prophylaxis is also an important intervention nursing care for the postoperative patient. In a word, I can clearly figure out my strengths and weakness through the Simulation Learning Experience (SLE) practicum. Revise By participating in the scenario of post-operative complications, I realized that health care should be varied with the changing of the patient’s situations. As cited in Alligood Tomey (2010), Nightingale stated that any nursing process must be strictly followed in accordance with natural rule. The safety of a patient is the most priority (College of Nurse of Ontario, 2002), so it is very important for nurses to apply critical thinking for a nursing process (College of Nurse of Ontario, 2008). As cited in Alligood Tomey (2010), Parse noticed that the human is unitary human-living-health and human beings have their own rhythmical patterns of daily life. The intervention of nurses should adapt to the clients’ patterns, and an appropriate nursing process needs to be formed based on the clients’ different medical situations. In this scenario, I assessed the patient following the nursing process of postoperative care, although some of them need to be improved. I deemed the patient in the unitary of human and health environment and adhered to the rhythmical patterns of human being. I assessed pain, wound and attention on temperature, which demonstrated compliance with the particular nursing care in the postoperative unit. New perspective After the SLE lab practicum, I realized it is important to do more research on new nursing perspectives and techniques. Research will enrich my nursing experience and improve my nursing practice in the future. Furthermore, I need to be aware of the importance of nursing theories and apply them into daily nursing practice, because nursing theories can assist nurses to fulfill their clients’ needs. ?

Story and Details Regarding the Magic Barrel Essay Example

Story and Details Regarding the Magic Barrel Essay Malamud is considered one of the most prominent figures in Jewish-American literature. His stories and novels, in which reality and fantasy are frequently interlaced, have been called parables, myths, and allegories and often illustrate the importance of moral obligation. Although he draws upon his Jewish heritage to address the themes of sin, suffering, and redemption, Malamud emphasizes human contact and compassion over orthodox religious dogma. Malamuds characters, while often awkward and isolated from society, evoke both pity and humor through their attempts at survival and salvation. Biographical Information Malamud was born in Brooklyn, New York, on April 26, 1914 to Russian Jewish immigrants. His parents, whom he described as gentle, honest, kindly people, were not highly educated and knew very little about literature or the arts. Malamud recalled, â€Å"There were no books that I remember in the house, no records, music, pictures on the wall. † Malamud attended high school in Brooklyn and received his bachelors degree from the City College of New York in 1936. After graduation, he worked in a factory and as a clerk at the Census Bureau in Washington, D. C. Although he wrote in his spare time, Malamud did not begin writing seriously until the advent of World War II and the subsequent horrors of the Holocaust. At that time, he questioned his religious identity and started reading about Jewish tradition and history. We will write a custom essay sample on Story and Details Regarding the Magic Barrel specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Story and Details Regarding the Magic Barrel specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Story and Details Regarding the Magic Barrel specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He explained, â€Å"I was concerned with what Jews stood for, with their getting down to the bare bones of things. I was concerned with their ethnicality—how Jews felt they had to live in order to go on living. † In 1949 he began teaching at Oregon State University; he left this post in 1961 to teach creative writing at Bennington College in Vermont. He remained there until shortly before his death in 1986. Major Works Malamuds first novel,  The Natural  (1952), is one of his most symbolic works. While the novel ostensibly traces the life of Roy Hobbs, an American baseball player, the work has underlying mythic elements and explores such themes as initiation and isolation. For instance, some reviewers cite evidence of the Arthurian legend of the Holy Grail; others apply T. S. EliotsWasteland  myth in their analyses. The Natural  also anticipates what would become Malamuds predominant narrative focus: a suffering protagonist struggling to reconcile moral dilemmas, to act according to what is right, and to accept the complexities and hardships of existence. Malamuds second novel,  The Assistant  (1957), portrays the life of Morris Bober, a Jewish immigrant who owns a grocery store in Brooklyn. Although he is struggling to survive financially, Bober hires a cynical anti-Semitic youth, Frank Alpine, after learning that the man is homeless and on the verge of starvation. Through this contact Frank learns to find grace and dignity in his own identity. Described as a naturalistic fable, this novel affirms the redemptive value of maintaining faith in the goodness of the human soul. Malamuds first collection of short stories,  The Magic Barrel  (1958), received the National Book Award in 1959. As in  The Assistant,  most of the stories in this collection depict the search for hope and meaning within the grim entrapment of poor urban settings and were influenced by Yiddish folktales and Hasidic traditions. Many of Malamuds best-known short stories, including â€Å"The Last Mohican,† â€Å"Angel Levine,† and â€Å"Idiots First,† were republished in  The Stories of Bernard Malamud  in 1983. A New Life  (1961), one of Malamuds most realistic novels, is based in part on Malamuds teaching career at Oregon State University. This work focuses on an ex-alcoholic Jew from New York City who, in order to escape his reputation as a drunkard, becomes a professor at an agricultural and technical college in the Pacific Northwest. Interweaving the protagonists quest for significance and self-respect with a satiric mockery of academia, Malamud explores the destructive nature of idealism, how love can lead to deception, and the pain of loneliness. The Fixer  (1966), is considered one of Malamuds most powerful works. The winner of both the Pulitzer Prize for literature and the National Book Award, the narrative is derived from the historical account of Mendel Beiliss, a Russian Jew who was accused of murdering a Christian child. Drawing upon Eastern European Jewish mysticism,  The Fixer  turns this terrifying story of torture and humiliation into a parable of human triumph. With  The Tenants  (1971), Malamud returned to a New York City setting, where the theme of self-exploration is developed through the contrast between two writers, one Jewish and the other black, struggling to survive in an urban ghetto. Within the context of their confrontations about artistic standards, Malamud also explored how race informs cultural identity, the purpose of literature, and the conflict between art and life. Malamud further addressed the nature of literature and the role of the artist in  Dubins Lives  (1979). In this work the protagonist, William Dubin, attempts to create a sense of worth for himself, both as a man and as a writer. A biographer who escapes into his work to avoid the reality of his life, Dubin bumbles through comically disastrous attempts at love and passion in an effort to find self-fulfillment. Malamuds next novel,  Gods Grace  (1982), differs from his earlier works in scope and presentation of subject matter. Set in the near future immediately after a nuclear disaster that leaves only one human being alive,  Gods Graceexplores the darkness of human morality, the nature of God, and the vanity and destruction associated with contemporary life. Critical Reception Malamuds place as a major American novelist is secure by the accounts of most critics, though most place him with Phillip Roth and Saul Bellow as a Jewish-American novelist. Largely considered one of the foremost writers of moral fiction, Malamud is also considered a writer in the tradition of Anton Chekhov and Fyodor Dostoyevski. Despite the preponderance of Jewish characters and subject matter in Malamuds works, critics argue that his stories extend far beyond Jewish literature. Malamud, Bernard (Vol. 27) Introduction Bernard Malamud 1914– American novelist and short story writer. Malamud ranks as one of the most significant contributors to contemporary American literature. His fictional world, most often urban and Jewish, is formed around the struggle for survival of characters who face the particular hardships of modern existence. Their survival depends upon their ability to combat lifes inevitable suffering by breaking through the barriers of personal isolation and finding human contact, compassion, and faith in the goodness of others. The typical Malamudian hero stumbles through this process in a tragic yet comic way, invoking both pity and humor. Although Malamud is a prolific writer and the recipient of many prestigious literary awards, he is perhaps best known for his novel  The Fixer  (1967), which was awarded both the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award. The Natural  (1952), Malamuds first novel, is perhaps his most symbolic. On the surface, the novel explores the life of an American baseball player; yet, as with all of Malamuds works, there are various interpretations of the deeper levels of meaning. For instance, some critics cite evidence of the Arthurian legend of the Holy Grail, while others apply T. S. Eliots wasteland myth in their analysis. In many ways it foreshadows predominant future concerns: a suffering protagonist struggling to reconcile moral dilemmas, to act according to what is right and good, and to come to grips with his existence. These themes recur in Malamuds second novel,  The Assistant  (1957), in the portrayal of the life of Frank Alpine, a cynical anti-semitic youth who goes to work for a Jewish grocer. Through this contact Frank learns to find grace and dignity in his own identity. Described as a fable, as are many of Malamuds stories, this novel affirms the redemptive value of maintaining faith in the inherent goodness of the human soul. Malamuds first collection of short stories,  The Magic Barrel  (1958), was awarded the Pulitzer Prize. Like  The Assistant, most of the stories in this collection depict the search for dignity and meaning within the grim entrapment of poor urban settings. They often resemble the Yiddish folk tale in their humor and their use of character-types drawn from Hasidic traditions. Many of Malamuds short stories have been reprinted recently in  The Stories of Bernard Malamud  (1983), a collection which includes two new stories. Based in part on Malamuds teaching career at Oregon State University,  A New Life  (1961) superimposes the heros quest for significance and understanding on a satiric mockery of academia. Malamuds next novel,  The Fixer, is one of his most powerful works. Derived from the historical account of Mendel Beiliss, a Russian Jew who was accused of murdering a Christian child, and also drawing on East European Jewish mysticism,  The Fixer  turns this terrifying story of torture and humiliation into a parable of human triumph. The Tenants  (1971) returns to an urban setting, where the theme of self-exploration is developed through the contrast between two writers, one Jewish and the other black, struggling to survive in a New York City ghetto. Within the context of their confrontations, Malamud also explores the conflict between art and life. The protagonist of  Dubins Lives  (1979), as with Harry Bernard Malamud 1914–  Ã‚ © Thomas Victor 1983 Lesser and Willie Spearmint in  The Tenants, attempts to create a sense of worth for himself, both as a man and as a writer. A biographer who escapes into his work to avoid the reality of his life, William Dubin bumbles through comically disastrous attempts at love and passion in an effort to find self-fulfillment. Gods Grace  (1982) differs from Malamuds earlier works in its scope and presentation of subject matter. Set in the near future immediately after a nuclear disaster which leaves only one human being alive,  Gods Grace  explores the darkness of human morality, the nature of God, and the vanity and destruction which has become an integral part of the human race. Critical reception to this work varies immensely: some critics feel that the contrast between the serious moral fable and the humor of a situation, in which the protagonist alternately converses with God and a group of apes, provides a uniquely intriguing narrative. Others, however, feel the structure of the novel does not support the seriousness and ambition of its themes. But in common with his other works,  Gods Graceexpresses Malamuds intensely humanistic concerns, along with the humor and insight that have made him a leading American author. See also  CLC, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 11, 18;  Contemporary Authors, Vols. 5-8, rev. ed. ;Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 2; and  Dictionary of Literary Biography Yearbook: 1980. ) W inner of the National Book Award for Fiction Introduction by Jhumpa Lahiri Bernard Malamuds first book of short stories,  The Magic Barrel, has been recognized as a classic from the time it was published in 1959. The stories are set in New York and in Italy (where Malamuds alter ego, the struggleing New York Jewish Painter Arthur Fidelman, roams amid the ruins of old Europe in search of his artistic patrimony); they tell of egg candlers and shoemakers, matchmakers, and rabbis, in a voice that blends vigorous urban realism, Yiddish idiom, and a dash of artistic magic. The Magic Barrel  is a book about New York and about the immigrant experience, and it is high point in the modern American short story. Few books of any kind have managed to depict struggle and frustration and heartbreak with such delight, or such artistry. Praise In the short story, Malamud achieved an almost psalmlike compression. He has been called the Jewish Hawthorne, but he might just as well be thought a Jewish Chopin, a prose composer of preludes and noctures. Mark Shechner,  Partisan Review There are thirteen stoires in  The Magic Barrel  and every one of them is a small, highly individualized work of art. This is the kind of book that calls for not admiration but gratitude. Richard Sullivan,  Th e Chicago Tribune   Is he an American Master? Of course. He not only wrote in the American language, he augmented it with fresh plasticity, he shaped our English into startling new configurations. Cynthia Ozick Gods Grace  (1982), Bernard Malamuds last novel, is a modern-day dystopian fantasy, set in a time after a thermonuclear war prompts a second flood-a radical departure from Malamuds previous fiction. The novels protagonist is paleolosist Calvin Cohn, who had been attending to his work at the bottom of the ocean when the Devastation struck, and who alone survived. This rabbis son? a marginal error? inds himself shipwrecked with an experimental chimpanzee capable of speech, to whom he gives the name Buz. Soon other creatures appear on their island-baboons, chimps, five apes, and a lone gorilla. Cohn works hard to make it possible for God to love His creation again, and his hopes increase as he encounters the unknown and the unforeseen in this strange new world. With  Gods Grace, Malamud took a great risk, and it paid off. The nove ls fresh and pervasive humor, narrative ingenuity, and tragic sense of the human condition make it one of Malamuds most extraordinary books. The Magic Barrel Bernard Malamud The following entry presents criticism on Malamuds short story The Magic Barrel, which was first published in 1954 and later revised and included in  The Magic Barrel  (1958). See alsoBernard Malamud Criticism  (Volume 1), and Volumes  2,  3,  5,  8,  9,  11,  18,  27. INTRODUCTION The title story of Malamuds prizewinning first short story collection, The Magic Barrel is one of his most frequently discussed works of short fiction. Described by Sanford Pinsker as quintessential Malamud—in form, content, and perhaps most of all, in moral vision, the story combines elements of realism and fantasy in an urban, Jewish setting and centers on the protagonists struggle to break through the barriers of personal isolation. While Malamuds handling of such themes as love, community, redemption, and Jewish identity has been widely praised, he is also noted for his creative use of ambiguity. Consequently, The Magic Barrel has generated a wide array of interpretations. Plot and Major Characters The Magic Barrel focuses on the interaction of two main characters: a young, unmarried rabbinical student named Leo Finkle and Pinye Salzman, a vulgar, yet colorful, marriage broker who smells distinctly of fish. At the storys outset, an acquaintance advises Finkle that it will be much easier for him to find a congregation after graduation if he is married. Having spent his life studying, Finkle has little experience in the area of romance and reluctantly decides to engage the services of Salzman. The marriage broker shows Finkle numerous pictures of potential brides from his magic barrel and comments on their qualities, particularly their ages, educational backgrounds, family connections, and the size of their dowries. Finkle, however, seems uninterested in Salzmans usual selling points and constructs flimsy excuses for rejecting many of the candidates. Salzman eventually convinces Finkle to meet a woman named Lily Hirschorn. During his traumatic encounter with Hirschorn, Finkle recognizes that his life has been emotionally empty and that he has lacked the passion to love either God or other humans. Finkles discovery of a picture of Salzmans daughter, Stella, prompts him to act on his new self-knowledge. Distinctive from the women in the previous photographs, Stella appears to be someone who has lived and suffered deeply. Salzman refers to her as a fallen woman, stating that she should burn in hell, and argues that the presence of her picture among the others was a mistake and that she is not the woman for Finkle. Finkle, however, remains strongly attracted to Stella and envisions an opportunity to convert The Magic Barrel Bernard Malamud her to goodness, himself to God. The storys concluding tableau is highly ambiguous. It depicts Finkle running toward Stella, who is standing under a lamppost dressed in a white dress and red shoes, while Salzman stands next to a wall around the corner, chanting the kaddish, a prayer for the dead. Major Themes Like many of Malamuds short stories, The Magic Barrel is essentially a love story that incorporates themes of suffering and self-discover y. Finkles search for a wife leads to his realization of his essentially dispassionate nature, and his love for Stella stems in part from his recognition of her suffering as a mark of having truly lived. The story also suggests the presence of the miraculous in everyday life. In the final tableau, for instance, violins and candles are said to be floating in the sky, and events in the story often suggest that Salzman possesses supernatural abilities. Such images and suggestions contrast with the storys surface of realistic detail and also further the theme of the rational versus the irrational. Finkle, for example, begins the story as a representative of reason but eventually falls in love with and seeks out Stella despite Salzmans logical arguments against such a match. Other events in the story focus on the theme of Jewish identity. Some critics argue that Finkles relationship to Salzman strengthens his connections to the Jewish community, while others posit that his attraction to Stella signifies a break with Jewish values. Critical Reception Critical reaction to The Magic Barrel has centered on the imagery of the storys concluding tableau and the ambiguity engendered by Salzmans prayers for the dead. As Lionel Trilling has remarked: Much of the curious power and charm of The Magic Barrel is surely to be accounted for by the extraordinary visual intensity of a single paragraph, the last but one, which describes the rendezvous of Leo Finkle and Stella Salzman. Nothing the storys ambiguity, critics argue that Salzmans prayers either signify Finkles abandonment of the Jewish faith or celebrate the death of his old self and the beginning of his new life—one which will be enriched by the lessons that he has learned from Salzman. Commentators have addressed issues concerning the archetypal nature of the charac ters as well. Salzman, for example, has been linked to such mythical figures as Pan and the Trickster, while Stella has been described as a symbol of eroticism. Scholars have remarked favorably on Malamuds mixture of folk and realistic treatments of his subject matter and have proposed links between The Magic Barrel and the paintings of Marc Chagall. Commenting on the storys conclusion, Mark Goldman has remarked that the last scene, like many of Malamuds sudden, summary endings, is a consciously ironic parable and not an escape from tragedy. All the complex meaning is fixed, flashed back upon the story itself in a kind of Joycean epiphany that runs counter to the neatly packaged endings of the naturalistic tale. Story and Details Regarding the Magic Barrel Essay Example Story and Details Regarding the Magic Barrel Essay Malamud is considered one of the most prominent figures in Jewish-American literature. His stories and novels, in which reality and fantasy are frequently interlaced, have been called parables, myths, and allegories and often illustrate the importance of moral obligation. Although he draws upon his Jewish heritage to address the themes of sin, suffering, and redemption, Malamud emphasizes human contact and compassion over orthodox religious dogma. Malamuds characters, while often awkward and isolated from society, evoke both pity and humor through their attempts at survival and salvation. Biographical Information Malamud was born in Brooklyn, New York, on April 26, 1914 to Russian Jewish immigrants. His parents, whom he described as gentle, honest, kindly people, were not highly educated and knew very little about literature or the arts. Malamud recalled, â€Å"There were no books that I remember in the house, no records, music, pictures on the wall. † Malamud attended high school in Brooklyn and received his bachelors degree from the City College of New York in 1936. After graduation, he worked in a factory and as a clerk at the Census Bureau in Washington, D. C. Although he wrote in his spare time, Malamud did not begin writing seriously until the advent of World War II and the subsequent horrors of the Holocaust. At that time, he questioned his religious identity and started reading about Jewish tradition and history. We will write a custom essay sample on Story and Details Regarding the Magic Barrel specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Story and Details Regarding the Magic Barrel specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Story and Details Regarding the Magic Barrel specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He explained, â€Å"I was concerned with what Jews stood for, with their getting down to the bare bones of things. I was concerned with their ethnicality—how Jews felt they had to live in order to go on living. † In 1949 he began teaching at Oregon State University; he left this post in 1961 to teach creative writing at Bennington College in Vermont. He remained there until shortly before his death in 1986. Major Works Malamuds first novel,  The Natural  (1952), is one of his most symbolic works. While the novel ostensibly traces the life of Roy Hobbs, an American baseball player, the work has underlying mythic elements and explores such themes as initiation and isolation. For instance, some reviewers cite evidence of the Arthurian legend of the Holy Grail; others apply T. S. EliotsWasteland  myth in their analyses. The Natural  also anticipates what would become Malamuds predominant narrative focus: a suffering protagonist struggling to reconcile moral dilemmas, to act according to what is right, and to accept the complexities and hardships of existence. Malamuds second novel,  The Assistant  (1957), portrays the life of Morris Bober, a Jewish immigrant who owns a grocery store in Brooklyn. Although he is struggling to survive financially, Bober hires a cynical anti-Semitic youth, Frank Alpine, after learning that the man is homeless and on the verge of starvation. Through this contact Frank learns to find grace and dignity in his own identity. Described as a naturalistic fable, this novel affirms the redemptive value of maintaining faith in the goodness of the human soul. Malamuds first collection of short stories,  The Magic Barrel  (1958), received the National Book Award in 1959. As in  The Assistant,  most of the stories in this collection depict the search for hope and meaning within the grim entrapment of poor urban settings and were influenced by Yiddish folktales and Hasidic traditions. Many of Malamuds best-known short stories, including â€Å"The Last Mohican,† â€Å"Angel Levine,† and â€Å"Idiots First,† were republished in  The Stories of Bernard Malamud  in 1983. A New Life  (1961), one of Malamuds most realistic novels, is based in part on Malamuds teaching career at Oregon State University. This work focuses on an ex-alcoholic Jew from New York City who, in order to escape his reputation as a drunkard, becomes a professor at an agricultural and technical college in the Pacific Northwest. Interweaving the protagonists quest for significance and self-respect with a satiric mockery of academia, Malamud explores the destructive nature of idealism, how love can lead to deception, and the pain of loneliness. The Fixer  (1966), is considered one of Malamuds most powerful works. The winner of both the Pulitzer Prize for literature and the National Book Award, the narrative is derived from the historical account of Mendel Beiliss, a Russian Jew who was accused of murdering a Christian child. Drawing upon Eastern European Jewish mysticism,  The Fixer  turns this terrifying story of torture and humiliation into a parable of human triumph. With  The Tenants  (1971), Malamud returned to a New York City setting, where the theme of self-exploration is developed through the contrast between two writers, one Jewish and the other black, struggling to survive in an urban ghetto. Within the context of their confrontations about artistic standards, Malamud also explored how race informs cultural identity, the purpose of literature, and the conflict between art and life. Malamud further addressed the nature of literature and the role of the artist in  Dubins Lives  (1979). In this work the protagonist, William Dubin, attempts to create a sense of worth for himself, both as a man and as a writer. A biographer who escapes into his work to avoid the reality of his life, Dubin bumbles through comically disastrous attempts at love and passion in an effort to find self-fulfillment. Malamuds next novel,  Gods Grace  (1982), differs from his earlier works in scope and presentation of subject matter. Set in the near future immediately after a nuclear disaster that leaves only one human being alive,  Gods Graceexplores the darkness of human morality, the nature of God, and the vanity and destruction associated with contemporary life. Critical Reception Malamuds place as a major American novelist is secure by the accounts of most critics, though most place him with Phillip Roth and Saul Bellow as a Jewish-American novelist. Largely considered one of the foremost writers of moral fiction, Malamud is also considered a writer in the tradition of Anton Chekhov and Fyodor Dostoyevski. Despite the preponderance of Jewish characters and subject matter in Malamuds works, critics argue that his stories extend far beyond Jewish literature. Malamud, Bernard (Vol. 27) Introduction Bernard Malamud 1914– American novelist and short story writer. Malamud ranks as one of the most significant contributors to contemporary American literature. His fictional world, most often urban and Jewish, is formed around the struggle for survival of characters who face the particular hardships of modern existence. Their survival depends upon their ability to combat lifes inevitable suffering by breaking through the barriers of personal isolation and finding human contact, compassion, and faith in the goodness of others. The typical Malamudian hero stumbles through this process in a tragic yet comic way, invoking both pity and humor. Although Malamud is a prolific writer and the recipient of many prestigious literary awards, he is perhaps best known for his novel  The Fixer  (1967), which was awarded both the Pulitzer Prize and the National Book Award. The Natural  (1952), Malamuds first novel, is perhaps his most symbolic. On the surface, the novel explores the life of an American baseball player; yet, as with all of Malamuds works, there are various interpretations of the deeper levels of meaning. For instance, some critics cite evidence of the Arthurian legend of the Holy Grail, while others apply T. S. Eliots wasteland myth in their analysis. In many ways it foreshadows predominant future concerns: a suffering protagonist struggling to reconcile moral dilemmas, to act according to what is right and good, and to come to grips with his existence. These themes recur in Malamuds second novel,  The Assistant  (1957), in the portrayal of the life of Frank Alpine, a cynical anti-semitic youth who goes to work for a Jewish grocer. Through this contact Frank learns to find grace and dignity in his own identity. Described as a fable, as are many of Malamuds stories, this novel affirms the redemptive value of maintaining faith in the inherent goodness of the human soul. Malamuds first collection of short stories,  The Magic Barrel  (1958), was awarded the Pulitzer Prize. Like  The Assistant, most of the stories in this collection depict the search for dignity and meaning within the grim entrapment of poor urban settings. They often resemble the Yiddish folk tale in their humor and their use of character-types drawn from Hasidic traditions. Many of Malamuds short stories have been reprinted recently in  The Stories of Bernard Malamud  (1983), a collection which includes two new stories. Based in part on Malamuds teaching career at Oregon State University,  A New Life  (1961) superimposes the heros quest for significance and understanding on a satiric mockery of academia. Malamuds next novel,  The Fixer, is one of his most powerful works. Derived from the historical account of Mendel Beiliss, a Russian Jew who was accused of murdering a Christian child, and also drawing on East European Jewish mysticism,  The Fixer  turns this terrifying story of torture and humiliation into a parable of human triumph. The Tenants  (1971) returns to an urban setting, where the theme of self-exploration is developed through the contrast between two writers, one Jewish and the other black, struggling to survive in a New York City ghetto. Within the context of their confrontations, Malamud also explores the conflict between art and life. The protagonist of  Dubins Lives  (1979), as with Harry Bernard Malamud 1914–  Ã‚ © Thomas Victor 1983 Lesser and Willie Spearmint in  The Tenants, attempts to create a sense of worth for himself, both as a man and as a writer. A biographer who escapes into his work to avoid the reality of his life, William Dubin bumbles through comically disastrous attempts at love and passion in an effort to find self-fulfillment. Gods Grace  (1982) differs from Malamuds earlier works in its scope and presentation of subject matter. Set in the near future immediately after a nuclear disaster which leaves only one human being alive,  Gods Grace  explores the darkness of human morality, the nature of God, and the vanity and destruction which has become an integral part of the human race. Critical reception to this work varies immensely: some critics feel that the contrast between the serious moral fable and the humor of a situation, in which the protagonist alternately converses with God and a group of apes, provides a uniquely intriguing narrative. Others, however, feel the structure of the novel does not support the seriousness and ambition of its themes. But in common with his other works,  Gods Graceexpresses Malamuds intensely humanistic concerns, along with the humor and insight that have made him a leading American author. See also  CLC, Vols. 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 9, 11, 18;  Contemporary Authors, Vols. 5-8, rev. ed. ;Dictionary of Literary Biography, Vol. 2; and  Dictionary of Literary Biography Yearbook: 1980. ) W inner of the National Book Award for Fiction Introduction by Jhumpa Lahiri Bernard Malamuds first book of short stories,  The Magic Barrel, has been recognized as a classic from the time it was published in 1959. The stories are set in New York and in Italy (where Malamuds alter ego, the struggleing New York Jewish Painter Arthur Fidelman, roams amid the ruins of old Europe in search of his artistic patrimony); they tell of egg candlers and shoemakers, matchmakers, and rabbis, in a voice that blends vigorous urban realism, Yiddish idiom, and a dash of artistic magic. The Magic Barrel  is a book about New York and about the immigrant experience, and it is high point in the modern American short story. Few books of any kind have managed to depict struggle and frustration and heartbreak with such delight, or such artistry. Praise In the short story, Malamud achieved an almost psalmlike compression. He has been called the Jewish Hawthorne, but he might just as well be thought a Jewish Chopin, a prose composer of preludes and noctures. Mark Shechner,  Partisan Review There are thirteen stoires in  The Magic Barrel  and every one of them is a small, highly individualized work of art. This is the kind of book that calls for not admiration but gratitude. Richard Sullivan,  Th e Chicago Tribune   Is he an American Master? Of course. He not only wrote in the American language, he augmented it with fresh plasticity, he shaped our English into startling new configurations. Cynthia Ozick Gods Grace  (1982), Bernard Malamuds last novel, is a modern-day dystopian fantasy, set in a time after a thermonuclear war prompts a second flood-a radical departure from Malamuds previous fiction. The novels protagonist is paleolosist Calvin Cohn, who had been attending to his work at the bottom of the ocean when the Devastation struck, and who alone survived. This rabbis son? a marginal error? inds himself shipwrecked with an experimental chimpanzee capable of speech, to whom he gives the name Buz. Soon other creatures appear on their island-baboons, chimps, five apes, and a lone gorilla. Cohn works hard to make it possible for God to love His creation again, and his hopes increase as he encounters the unknown and the unforeseen in this strange new world. With  Gods Grace, Malamud took a great risk, and it paid off. The nove ls fresh and pervasive humor, narrative ingenuity, and tragic sense of the human condition make it one of Malamuds most extraordinary books. The Magic Barrel Bernard Malamud The following entry presents criticism on Malamuds short story The Magic Barrel, which was first published in 1954 and later revised and included in  The Magic Barrel  (1958). See alsoBernard Malamud Criticism  (Volume 1), and Volumes  2,  3,  5,  8,  9,  11,  18,  27. INTRODUCTION The title story of Malamuds prizewinning first short story collection, The Magic Barrel is one of his most frequently discussed works of short fiction. Described by Sanford Pinsker as quintessential Malamud—in form, content, and perhaps most of all, in moral vision, the story combines elements of realism and fantasy in an urban, Jewish setting and centers on the protagonists struggle to break through the barriers of personal isolation. While Malamuds handling of such themes as love, community, redemption, and Jewish identity has been widely praised, he is also noted for his creative use of ambiguity. Consequently, The Magic Barrel has generated a wide array of interpretations. Plot and Major Characters The Magic Barrel focuses on the interaction of two main characters: a young, unmarried rabbinical student named Leo Finkle and Pinye Salzman, a vulgar, yet colorful, marriage broker who smells distinctly of fish. At the storys outset, an acquaintance advises Finkle that it will be much easier for him to find a congregation after graduation if he is married. Having spent his life studying, Finkle has little experience in the area of romance and reluctantly decides to engage the services of Salzman. The marriage broker shows Finkle numerous pictures of potential brides from his magic barrel and comments on their qualities, particularly their ages, educational backgrounds, family connections, and the size of their dowries. Finkle, however, seems uninterested in Salzmans usual selling points and constructs flimsy excuses for rejecting many of the candidates. Salzman eventually convinces Finkle to meet a woman named Lily Hirschorn. During his traumatic encounter with Hirschorn, Finkle recognizes that his life has been emotionally empty and that he has lacked the passion to love either God or other humans. Finkles discovery of a picture of Salzmans daughter, Stella, prompts him to act on his new self-knowledge. Distinctive from the women in the previous photographs, Stella appears to be someone who has lived and suffered deeply. Salzman refers to her as a fallen woman, stating that she should burn in hell, and argues that the presence of her picture among the others was a mistake and that she is not the woman for Finkle. Finkle, however, remains strongly attracted to Stella and envisions an opportunity to convert The Magic Barrel Bernard Malamud her to goodness, himself to God. The storys concluding tableau is highly ambiguous. It depicts Finkle running toward Stella, who is standing under a lamppost dressed in a white dress and red shoes, while Salzman stands next to a wall around the corner, chanting the kaddish, a prayer for the dead. Major Themes Like many of Malamuds short stories, The Magic Barrel is essentially a love story that incorporates themes of suffering and self-discover y. Finkles search for a wife leads to his realization of his essentially dispassionate nature, and his love for Stella stems in part from his recognition of her suffering as a mark of having truly lived. The story also suggests the presence of the miraculous in everyday life. In the final tableau, for instance, violins and candles are said to be floating in the sky, and events in the story often suggest that Salzman possesses supernatural abilities. Such images and suggestions contrast with the storys surface of realistic detail and also further the theme of the rational versus the irrational. Finkle, for example, begins the story as a representative of reason but eventually falls in love with and seeks out Stella despite Salzmans logical arguments against such a match. Other events in the story focus on the theme of Jewish identity. Some critics argue that Finkles relationship to Salzman strengthens his connections to the Jewish community, while others posit that his attraction to Stella signifies a break with Jewish values. Critical Reception Critical reaction to The Magic Barrel has centered on the imagery of the storys concluding tableau and the ambiguity engendered by Salzmans prayers for the dead. As Lionel Trilling has remarked: Much of the curious power and charm of The Magic Barrel is surely to be accounted for by the extraordinary visual intensity of a single paragraph, the last but one, which describes the rendezvous of Leo Finkle and Stella Salzman. Nothing the storys ambiguity, critics argue that Salzmans prayers either signify Finkles abandonment of the Jewish faith or celebrate the death of his old self and the beginning of his new life—one which will be enriched by the lessons that he has learned from Salzman. Commentators have addressed issues concerning the archetypal nature of the charac ters as well. Salzman, for example, has been linked to such mythical figures as Pan and the Trickster, while Stella has been described as a symbol of eroticism. Scholars have remarked favorably on Malamuds mixture of folk and realistic treatments of his subject matter and have proposed links between The Magic Barrel and the paintings of Marc Chagall. Commenting on the storys conclusion, Mark Goldman has remarked that the last scene, like many of Malamuds sudden, summary endings, is a consciously ironic parable and not an escape from tragedy. All the complex meaning is fixed, flashed back upon the story itself in a kind of Joycean epiphany that runs counter to the neatly packaged endings of the naturalistic tale.

Her Kind by Anne Sexton free essay sample

Theme: All humans at some point in life feel ostracized by society which can lead to a life of solitude and loneliness in a frantic search for our identity. Discussion Question: Do you believe that female oppression is still an issue in society today? If not, how has society evolved in that females are more empowered? SUMMARY Significant Literary Devices: imagery, syntax, repetition, allusion, conceit, rhyme scheme Anne Sextons Her Kind is a poem in which the speakers pain is expressed through vivid imagery and dismal repetition. The title of this poem is a portion of the refrain, l have been her kind seen in lines 17, 14 and 21 . This eludes the reader into thinking they are in the third person observing the speakers own life. However, we are actually accompanying them as they peer into the lives of others who are each given different labels such as the witch, the distressed housewife and the persecuted. We will write a custom essay sample on Her Kind by Anne Sexton or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The rhyme scheme of this poem is ABABCBC which is seven lines, an odd number, which shows that while there indeed is a pattern it is not an even amount of lines which is done purposely to represent the irregularity and imbalance in the life f the speaker. In the first stanza we see a lonesome witch who lurks her neighbourhood solemnly. In the second stanza we peer into the warm caves(8) which are where the tedious mother/wife resides who constantly perfects things due to the lack of structure in her own life. The third and most powerful stanza we see the martyr who is self-empowered and remains true to herself as she rides in a cart towards her death. The phrases ridden in your 5) and flames still bite my thigh(18) are allusions to the Salem Witch Trials in which witches rode in carts to e burned at the stake. Imagery is a significant device in this poem which assists in helping the reader understand the speakers suffering from the isolation she faces from society. Using terms such as twelve fingered (5), lonely thing (5) and haunting the black air(2) to describe her alienation and how she floats through life as though nobody acknowledges her existence. In the first stanza the lines are split with commas which creates a choppy, monotonous effect. This shows that she is simply going through the motions of life, a prosaic being devoid of emotion or otivation to live. Repetition plays a notable role in this poem as it gives us a sense that the speaker relates to these different personas. The speaker has a multifaceted personality as she morphs from one identity to the other in order to feel accepted by society. Right off the bat we see l have in the first line of the first stanza which is repeated in lines 8 and 15 as a declaration; this shows that it is a direct confession from the speaker themselves. Also, the phrase A woman like that is used in lines 6, 3 and 20 to show a generalized spectrum of women who have felt detached from society. One of the most important devices used in this poem is the refrain which is l nave been ner kind . This snows that sne is not the same person as the witch, housewife or martyr but instead they are all elaborate metaphors to portray what she herself is experiencing in life. The witch is not merely Just an image in this poem, it is an extended metaphor which lasts throughout the whole poem, otherwise known as a conceit, to represent women who feel detached from society.

ASSIGNMENT EIGHT 2 Example

ASSIGNMENT EIGHT 2 Example ASSIGNMENT EIGHT 2 – Coursework Example According to Thomas Dublin, the changes in the textile mills which included reduction of wages and increase in the pace of work made women to reconsider protest as the only way of saving themselves from oppressions. This is evidenced by their involvement in strike between 1834 and 1836 which quested to protest against wage cuts. Between 1843 and 1848, the women protested against the long working hours in the mills; they campaigned towards ensuring the working hours have been reduced (Richter 11). The North and South varied in diverse ways. For instance, it is evident that the number of middleclass people was greater in the North than in the South. It is also evident that the North majored in industrialization as well as small farming whereas the South was agriculturists who relied entirely on the labor offered by slaves (Lasser and Robertson 343). Additionally, education was highly valued in the North than in the South; majority of the Northerners were literate. These variations wer e among the reasons that made slavery to be highly practiced in the South than in the North. Additionally, these variations enhanced reduction of manual labor (slavery) as well as labor costs in the North. It is also evident that literacy enhanced change of oppressive working conditions in the North. In the South, where slavery was highly practiced, black women worked on not only mines, but also cotton farms as tillers. Unlike black women, white women participated in home chores as housewives (Smith 6). Additionally, it is evident that some white women were barred by their husbands from doing domestic works at the cost of the blacks. Unlike the white women in the South, majority of the white women in the North played a very significant role in the maintenance of the industries. Lasser, Carol and Robertson, Stacey. Antebellum Women: Private, Public, Partisan American Controversies. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2013. Print.Richter, William. Historical Dictionary of the Old South. New York: Rowman & Littlefield, 2013. Print.Smith, Andrea. Heteropatriarchy and the Three Pillars of White Supremacy. Rethinking Women of Color Organization. 22 June 2014.

Variations between England and Scotland Research Paper

Variations between England and Scotland - Research Paper Example Article 6 stipulates certain additional features, with regard to criminal cases, in the context of the right to a fair trial. For instance, the accused have to be informed straight away about the charges framed against them, and this has to be in the language that they can comprehend. Moreover, the accused have to be provided with adequate time and facilities to prepare their defense. In addition, they should be permitted to defend themselves in person or through a lawyer of their choice. In addition, the accused in criminal cases have to be provided with legal aid, when they are not in a position to afford legal representation. Furthermore, the accused should be permitted to call and question witnesses, in the same manner as the defense counsel. As such, it is incumbent upon the state to establish courts that provide a fair trial to all the accused. Moreover, the state has to ensure that no individual is punished, in the absence of a fair trial.The procedural protection provided by Article 6 ECHR becomes effective only when a criminal charge is framed against an individual. This protection remains in force until the sentence has been made or an appeal has been decided. All the same, the judicial procedure requirements of Article 6 do not encompass the pre-charge stage of prosecution. This is especially true of the criminal investigation.With regard to the Article 6 ECHR requirement, to conduct trials in criminal cases within the reasonable time, several cases are in existence.

Carpooling apps marketing plan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Carpooling apps marketing plan - Essay Example The target market will be students as this is relevant for this course as these groups seeks to exploit cost minimization approach in their daily expenditure. Segmentation is equally exhibited by this app as various social classes share rides and donates differently with their comparatively average earners (Crawford, et al. 56). The positioning of this marketing plan is strategic and competitive since it works on the basis of cost saving to the commuters and offers a considerable discount on the overall recurrent expenditure on transport among the students. Consider strategic fit with host organization Carpooling apps is likely to gain much market coverage due to its integration of technology in the growing transport sector. With 511 and LYFT as the main products and San Francisco state university as the host organization, it is worth to note that the technological application by the firm is likely to be sustainable with its internal management structure. The external environment which can be attributed to the increasing adoption of technology by the young generation is a recipe to its sustainable operation performance in the market (Crawford, et al. 256).

Read this document and after answer this 3 questions Essay - 2

Read this document and after answer this 3 questions - Essay Example Besides the teachers focus on the student thinking and concluding in the same way as they do, he also reports on the how the very teachers oblige their students to conceptualize facts in a snapshot by hinging their concerns on mere raw facts at the expense of understanding the concepts of what is at stake. This he compares with the notorious activity in the lower levels of study when the children are made to recite words before the class; this he says jeopardizes the morale of the students who are not sure of the words they are made to read as they want to avoid making mistakes before the class (Perry 76). This he says has made most of the children to associate reading books with other negatives and thus deem it as a way of punishment. In conclusion, Perry discusses the challenges the student and the teachers face in their endeavors to excel academically. He explores both implicit and explicit factors that are contributing to this and the mitigation that can be employed to curb the contributing factors to the

Time Dispersion Parameters

Time Dispersion Parameters When a signal is transmitted, this signal can suffer a distortion caused by reflections and scattered propagation paths in the radio channel, and these phenomenons cause that an identical signal arrives at different times at its destination. These different times are due that to the signal arrives via multiple paths and in different incident angles. The time difference between the arrival moment of the first multipath component and the last one is called delay spread. In order to compare different multipath channels and to develop some general design guidelines for wireless systems, some parameters are used to quantify the multipath channel. Some of these multipath parameters are the mean excess delay, rms delay spread, and maximum excess delay, and can be determined from a power delay profile. However, the mean excess delay and the rms delay spread are frequently used to quantify the time dispersive properties of wide band multipath channels. Mean Excess Delay The Mean Excess Delay is the first moment of the power delay profile (PDP) and is defined by RMS Delay Spread The root-mean-square (RMS) delay spread is probably the most important single measure for the delay time extent of a multipath radio channel. This parameter calculates the standard deviation value of the delay of reflections, weighted proportional to the energy in the reflected waves. This parameter can be considered like the square root of the second central moment of the power delay profile and is defined by We must take into consideration that these delay are measured relative to the first detectable signal arriving at the receiver at = 0, and their equations do not rely on the absolute power level of P(),but only the relative amplitudes of the multipath components within P(). Maximum Excess Delay (X dB) The maximum excess delay (X dB) of the power delay profile is defined as the time delay value after which the multipath energy falls to X dB below the maximum multipath energy (not necesarily belonging to the first arriving component). It is also called excess delay spread, but in all cases must be specified with a threshold that relates the multipath noise floor to the maximum received multipath component. The values of these time dispersion parameters also depend on the noise threshold used to process P(), and if this noise is set too low, then the noise will be processed as multipath and thus causing the parameters to be higher. Environment Coherence Bandwidth Coherence bandwidth is a statistical measure of the range of frequencies over which the channel can be considered flat. If we define Coherence Bandwidth (BC) as the range of frequencies over which the frequency correlation is above 0.9, then If we define Coherence Bandwidth as the range of frequencies over which the frequency correlation is above 0.5, then The coherence bandwidth of the channel gives a good indication about the frequency variations of the channel in relation to the bandwidth of the transmitted signal. We can have two different cases, depending on this bandwidth. If a signal with a bandwidth larger than Bc is transmitted through the channel, it will be subject to frequency selective distortion. The channel will be, in this case, referred to as a frequency selective fading channel. However, if the signal transmitted has a bandwidth considerably less than Bc, it will experience amplitude attenuation only with no distortion since the channel characteristics will be the same all over the spectrum of the signal. In this case the channel is referred to as a frequency non-selective (flat) fading channel.

Research Paper on Organizational Structure

I would like to start by saying that any corporate organizational structure depends on the product line and the industry in which the company operates. The companies belong to the continuum of either the functional or project organizations. Functional companies are organized around different technological processes. The top management of such organizations is responsible for the resource allocation, with the responsibility for the final output is not being tied to one single person. The use of rules and procedures, instructions, details and organizational traditions among the company’s management and workers is vital for the company’s functioning. The products belong to the high level of specialized knowledge which is created in this organizational structure (Matteson, 53). Light weight matrix organizations are functional and specialized. The product manager is usually added to this structure to coordinate the product creation and to serve as a liaison for the management-workers-customers. This new key person is used for collecting information, conflict resolution, and project objectives achievement. Product managers have less status and influence than functional managers, namely because they do not directly contact workers (Hersey, 88). Heavy weight matrix organizations possess dominant project structure and minor functional departments. The company’s product manager than possesses greater reasonability while the manufacturing, and marketing concepts are present in this organization (Berger, 144). Project organizations are located on the other end of the spectrum and have the following features: teams and projects. The project workers share the same location and concentrate on the same projects. The professional workers, on the other hand are supposed to have broader tasks and associated skills and responsibilities. In the project organizations the functional managers are responsible for the human resource development and technological implementation in the functional groups. The companies can also be classified according to the nature of their business and project undertaken. The projects can be characterized by the number of employees involved to perform numerous tasks, the workload on each employee. One can also classify the organizations in the following 4 categories: I. The company’s product is not complex and comprehensible for a single person, thus one person is likely to have enough knowledge to produce it. The companies that develop these kinds of products (shoes, clothes industry) usually have small development department. If this company has more than one individual department, then it usually structured as a functional organization as noted earlier in the essay – research paper (Matteson, 57). II. The company’s product is of low complexity, yet the total work is high. Such products, therefore, can be developed most efficiently within one functional department. A research department is usually the very department where this type of product is created. AS the company starts to have more departments, it would usually use the light weight matrix organizational structure to enjoy efficiency. The employees involved in this product creation are expected to work full time, and many tasks are expected to be performed simultaneously which contribute to the overall sequence design to be called Design Structure matrix (Hersey, 92). III. The company’s product is of high complexity of intangible, tangible, or mechanical nature. This kind of product is still in the engineering phase, making it rather clear what needs to be done to get the product into mass production and distribution. One should use numerous skills and disciplines to create this product, and these tasks do not have high workload. It is almost impossible to cause the employees to work fulltime on the very one product, thus creating the ‘job shop’ logistics situation (Schermerhorn 120). One should not forget that manufacturing and product development is not accepted by all product managers, it still usually yield decent result. The Product development process is constantly learnt and improved to remove bottlenecks and reduce the product variation. One should focus on the process rather than on the list of tasks and duties. This type of organizational structure has to follow the following three laws (Berger, 147): a. Taking smaller steps at one time usually boosts quality and effectiveness. b. Elimination of bottlenecks drastically improves productivity and efficiency. c. Elimination of variation will remove delays and distractions and thus will free some of the corporate resources. It is of importance to note that cross functional simultaneously run engineering squads is the common practice for the product development in such organizations. It would be a mistake to assign the same person to 5-6 different projects because it would result in congestion. One should not forget that by working at 100% of the product development capacity will increase the product development lead. Thus, one should deploy about 80% of the product development capacity and focus on the bottlenecks. IV. The company’s product is very complex while the total work is high. These kinds of organizations require their workers to work full time and the project organizational structure would be ideal for this very situation (Matteson, 59). Speaking about the company’s strategies that are vital for the corporate survival in the long run, one should remember that they would also depend on the corporate structure and thus would be broken down into three main categories of strategies that promote corporate values, corporate culture, corporate goals, and corporate missions (Hersey, 94): Corporate level strategy encompasses all strategies and sets the company’s mission and general guidelines. Functional strategies comprise Marketing strategies, financing strategies, and the strategies of each department participating in the given product development depending on the organizational structure. The focus in on mid and short term. One should remember that many companies would find it useful to use strategic business units rather than functional structure of organization to derive competitive advantage and thus govern the semi-autonomous units of organization that have their own budgeting, product development, hiring etc. Operational strategy is located on the lowest level of each organization simply because it is very narrow in focus and has daily scheduling criteria. This strategy obeys the higher level strategies present within the organization and adhere to the Management by Objectives principles (Berger, 150). Management by objectives (MBO), one should note, is the systematic scientific approach that allows the existing companies to focus on the attainable goals to reduce the costs and with the improved efficiency survive the competition. The MBO focuses on results, rather than on the process. The MBO would delegate tasks by dictating the proper final result without the detailed roadmap of how to achieve that. MBO strives to assure that everyone in the company has clear goals and objectives that coincide with the company’s goals and then by empowering others will have the goals achieved. One should still remember that MBO can fit only the knowledge-based companies.

Books of the Bible

The book of Luke is considered to be a gospel in the New Testament. The main people discussed in the book are Mary, Jesus and Joseph. This book describes the birth of Jesus which is the main theme. The audience of this book would have appealed to all intelligent gentiles and to any believer. The gospel of Luke does not disclose who the author is of these documents. The historical content leads us to believe this gospel was written a few years before 62 AD. This book narrates the story of events from Jesus birth to his ascension.This was written to provide a historical account of events which the write divided into three stages, John the Baptist, Jesus the earthly ministry and third the life of the church after Jesus’ resurrection. All while stating that Jesus Christ is the Son of God. The book of Revelation The book of Revelation is considered to be an apocalyptic genre. This book is the final book of the New Testament. The main character if Jesus himself, which this book expl ains his journey through the years.Many of Jesus’ challenges were discussed in this book during his struggle to reclaim his world, as the message was the end of days is near. The author of this book was credited to John the apostle, he states they were directed to the seven churches in Asia (Revelation 1:4). John was given orders to deliver messages to each of the churches to warn them as well as encourage them to repent before judgment day. Those who chose to follow would be rewarded and those who did not would endure the consequences. The book of ActsThe book of Acts in the New Testament is considered to be a narrative genre. The book of acts is a continuation of the book of Luke. Due to the narrators changing voice and person it creates a problem to confirm the authorship of the text. The book describes Jesus’s journey to spread the gospel throughout the world by the twelve apostles. The two main characters listed in this book were Peter and Paul the apostles. The f irst 12 chapters of this book discuss Peter while the remaining book is devoted to Apostle Paul.The book reviews how the disciples not only healed but end up persecuted for being believers and followers of Christ. Eventually it goes on to describe how Paul is placed in jail due to preaching the word of God. The book of Romans The book of Romans is considered to be an epistle genre in the New Testament. This book appears to be written around 57 or 58 AD. The main theme of this book was Paul’s journey of speaking to the Roman people of what would happen if they did not follow God’s path.The main character of the book Paul struggled to convince the Romans to convert being they were Gentiles and were not Christians. Paul continued to speak Gods way including writing numerous letters to describe their futures if they could have by following God’s way. As Paul believed and tried to teach that there is only one way to have an external life and that is through Jesus. Th e book of Ephesians The book of Ephesians is also an epistle in the New Testament, believed to be written by Paul to the Church of Ephesus around 61 AD.While Paul was in prison he had time to reflect and found that Christ came to united himself with man. This book details the letters composed by Paul that reference the different relationships that we have in life. His letters discussed not only relationships between husband and wife but those between Jesus and his believers as well. Paul preached in his letters to maintain compassion with others regardless of their background and to hold hast. Paul’s message was that Christianity was for all men, for whom all may enter, but it is only by grace, through faith in Christ. Books of the Bible The Book of LukeThe book of Luke is considered to be a gospel in the New Testament. The main people discussed in the book are Mary, Jesus and Joseph. This book describes the birth of Jesus which is the main theme. The audience of this book would have appealed to all intelligent gentiles and to any believer. The gospel of Luke does not disclose who the author is of these documents. The historical content leads us to believe this gospel was written a few years before 62 AD. This book narrates the story of events from Jesus birth to his ascension. This was written to provide a historical account of events which the write divided into three stages, John the Baptist, Jesus the earthly ministry and third the life of the church after Jesus’ resurrection. All while stating that Jesus Christ is the Son of God.The book of RevelationThe book of Revelation is considered to be an apocalyptic genre. This book is the final book of the New Testament. The main character if Jesus himself, which this book explains his journey through the years. Many of Jesus’ challenges were discussed in this book during his struggle to reclaim his world, as the message was the end of days is near. The author of this book was credited to John the apostle, he states they were directed to the seven churches in Asia (Revelation 1:4). John was given orders to deliver messages to each of the churches to warn them as well as encourage them to repent before judgment day. Those who chose to follow would be rewarded and those who did not would endure the consequences.The book of ActsThe book of Acts in the New Testament is considered to be a narrative genre. The book of acts is a continuation of the book of Luke. Due to the narrators changing voice and person it creates a problem to confirm the authorship of the text. The book describes Jesus’s journey to spread the gospel throughout  the world by the twelve apostles. The two main characters listed in this book were Peter and Paul t he apostles. The first 12 chapters of this book discuss Peter while the remaining book is devoted to Apostle Paul. The book reviews how the disciples not only healed but end up persecuted for being believers and followers of Christ. Eventually it goes on to describe how Paul is placed in jail due to preaching the word of God. The book of RomansThe book of Romans is considered to be an epistle genre in the New Testament. This book appears to be written around 57 or 58 AD. The main theme of this book was Paul’s journey of speaking to the Roman people of what would happen if they did not follow God’s path. The main character of the book Paul struggled to convince the Romans to convert being they were Gentiles and were not Christians. Paul continued to speak Gods way including writing numerous letters to describe their futures if they could have by following God’s way. As Paul believed and tried to teach that there is only one way to have an external life and that i s through Jesus.The book of EphesiansThe book of Ephesians is also an epistle in the New Testament, believed to be written by Paul to the Church of Ephesus around 61 AD. While Paul was in prison he had time to reflect and found that Christ came to united himself with man. This book details the letters composed by Paul that reference the different relationships that we have in life. His letters discussed not only relationships between husband and wife but those between Jesus and his believers as well. Paul preached in his letters to maintain compassion with others regardless of their background and to hold hast. Paul’s message was that Christianity was for all men, for whom all may enter, but it is only by grace, through faith in Christ.

Equality Between the Two Sexes Essay Example

Equality Between the Two Sexes Essay Example Equality Between the Two Sexes Essay Equality Between the Two Sexes Essay This paper is collection of research conclusions and observations which I have witnessed over the past 5 year that I have attempted to put into a written form that might be helpful, but more importantly stimulate discussions. The real purposes are to increase the awareness between men and women, and to help them set aside issues that are not personal but are merely manifestations of nature. To my way of thinking, it is important to honor and rejoice in both our nature and our individuality. For centuries, the differences between men and women were socially defined and distorted through a lens of sexism in which men assumed superiority over women and maintained it through domination. As the goal of equality between men and women now grows closer we are also losing our awareness of important differences. In some circles of society, politically correct thinking is obliterating important discussion as well as our awareness of the similarities and differences between men and women. The vi sion of equality between the sexes has narrowed the possibilities for discovery of what truly exists within a man and within a woman. The world is less interesting when everything is same. It is my position that men and women are equal but different. When I say equal, I mean that men and women have a right to equal opportunity and protection under the law. The fact that people in this country are assured these rights does not negate my observation that men and women are at least as different psychologically as they are physically. None of us would argue the fact that men and women are physically different. The physical differences are rather obvious and most of these can be seen and easily measured. Weight, shape, size and anatomy are not political opinions but rather tangible and easily measured. The physical differences between men and women provide functional advantages and have survival value. Men usually have greater upper body strength, build muscle easily, have thicker skin, bruise less easily and have a lower threshold of awareness of injuries to their extremities. Men are essentially built for physical confrontation and the use of force. Their joints are well suited for throwing objects. A man’s skull is almost always thicker and stronger than a women’s. The stereotype that men are more thick-headed than women is not far fetched. A man’s thick headedness† and other anatomical differences have been associated with a uniquely male attraction to high speed activities and reckless behavior that usually involve collisions with other males or automobiles. Men invented the game chicken, not women. Men, and a number of other male species of animal seem to charge and crash into each other a great deal in their spare time. Women on the other hand have four times as many brain cells (neurons) connecting the right and left side of their brain. This latter finding provides physical evidence that supports the observation that men rely easily and more heavily on their left brain to solve one problem one step at a time. Women have more efficient access to both sides of their brain and therefore greater use of their right brain. Women can focus on more than one problem at one time and frequently prefer to solve problems through multiple activities at a time. Nearly every parent has observed how young girls find the conversations of young boys boring. Young boys express confusion and would rather play sports than participate actively in a conversation between 5 girls who are discussing as many as three subjects at once! The psychological differences between man and women are less obvious. They can be difficult to describe. Yet these differences can profoundly influence how we form and maintain relationships that can range from work and friendships to marriage and parenting. Recognizing, understanding, discussing as well as acting skillfully in light of the differences between men and women can be difficult. Our failure to recognize and appreciate these differences can become a life long source of disappointment, frustration, tension and eventually our downfall in a relationship. Not only can these differences destroy a promising relationship, but most people will grudgingly accept or learn to live with the consequences. Eventually they find some compromise or way to cope. Few people ever work past these difficulties. People tend to accept what they don’t understand when they feel powerless to change it. Relationships between men and women are not impossible or necessarily difficult. Problems simply arise when we expect or assume the opposite sex should think, feel or act the way we do. It’s not that men and women live in completely different realities. Rather, our lack of knowledge and mutual experience gives rise to our difficulties. Despite great strides in this country toward equality, modern society hasn’t made relationships between men and women any easier. Today’s society has taught us and has imposed on us the expectation that men and women should live together continuously, in communion, and in harmony. These expectations are not only unrealistic but ultimately they leave people feeling unloved, inadequate, cynical, apathetic or ashamed. The challenge facing men and women is to become aware of their identities, to accept their differences, and to live their lives fully and as skillfully as possible. To do this we must first understand in what ways we are different. We must avoid trying to change others to suit our needs. The following illustrates some important differences between men and women. These differences are not absolute. They describe how men and women are in most situations most of the time. Problems Men and women approach problems with similar goals but with different considerations. While men and women can solve problems equally well, their approach and their process are often quit different. For most women, sharing and discussing a problem presents an opportunity to explore, deepen or strengthen the relationship with the person they are talking with. Woman are usually more concerned about how problems are solved than merely solving the problem itself. For women, solving a problem can profoundly impact whether they feel closer and less alone or whether they feel distant and less connected. The process of solving a problem can strengthen or weaken a relationship. Most men are less concerned and do not feel the same as women when solving a problem. Men approach problems in a very different manner than women. For most men, solving a problem presents an opportunity to demonstrate their competence, their strength of resolve, and their commitment to a relationship. How the problem is solved is not nearly as important as solving it effectively and in the best possible manner. Men have a tendency to dominate and to assume authority in a problem solving process. They set aside their feelings provided the dominance hierarchy was agreed upon in advance and respected. They are often distracted and do not attend well to the quality of the relationship while solving problems. Some of the more important differences can be illustrated by observing groups of young teenage boys and groups of young teenage girls when they attempt to find their way out of a maze. A group of boys generally establish a hierarchy or chain of command with a leader who emerges on his own or through demonstrations of ability and power. Boys explore the maze using scouts while remaining in distant proximity to each other. Groups of girls tend to explore the maze together as a group without establishing a clear or dominant leader. Relationships tends to be co-equal. Girls tend to elicit discussion and employ collective intelligence to the task of discovering a way out. Girls tend to work their way through the maze as a group. Boys tend to search and explore using structured links and a chain of command. Thinking While men and women can reach similar conclusions and make similar decisions, the process they use can be quit different and in some cases can lead to entirely different outcomes. In general, men and women consider and process information differently. Women tend to be intuitive global thinkers. They consider multiple sources of information within a process that can be described as simultaneous, global in perspective and will view elements in the task in terms of their interconnectedness. Women come to understand and consider problems all at once. They take a broad or collective perspective, and they view elements in a task as interconnected and interdependent. Women are prone to become overwhelmed with complexities that exist, or may exist, and may have difficulty separating their personal experience from problems. Men tend to focus on one problem at a time or a limited number of problems at a time. They have an enhanced ability to separate themselves from problems and minimize the complexity that may exist. Men come to understand and consider problems one piece at a time. They take a linear or sequential perspective, and view elements in a task as less interconnected and more independent. Men are prone to minimize and fail to appreciate subtleties that can be crucial to successful solutions. A male may work through a problem repeatedly, talking about the same thing over and over, rather than trying to address the the problem all at once. While there are differences in the ways that men and women think, it must be emphasized that they can and do solve problems in a similar manner. There are no absolutes, only tendencies. Memory Women have an enhanced ability to recall memories that have strong emotional components. They can also recall events or experiences that have similar emotions in common. Women are very adept at recalling information, events or experiences in which there is a common emotional theme. Men tend to recall events using strategies that rely on reconstructing the experience in terms of elements, tasks or activities that took place. Profound experiences that are associated with competition or physical activities are more easily recalled. There appears to be a structural and chemical basis for observed memory differences. For instance, the hippocampus, the area in the brain primarily responsible for memory, reacts differently to testosterone in men and it reacts differently to changing levels of estrogen and progesterone in women. Women tend to remember or be reminded of different emotional memories and content to some extent as part of their menstrual cycle. Sensitivity There is evidence to suggest that a great deal of the sensitivity that exists within men and women has a physiological basis. It has been observed that is many cases, women have an enhanced physical alarm response to danger or threat. Their autonomic and sympathetic systems have a lower threshold of arousal and greater reactivity than men. In both men and women, higher levels of testosterone directly affect the aggressive response and behavior centers of the brain. Increasing estrogen and progesterone in men has a feminizing effect. Sexually aggressive males become less focused on sexual aggressive behavior and content when they are given female hormones. On the other hand, changing estrogen and progesterone levels in women during menstrual cycles can produce a flood of memories as well as strong emotions. Increasing or high levels of testosterone can produce an emotional insensitivity, empathic block and increased indifference to the distress others. At the heart of sensitivity is our capacity to form, appreciate and maintain relationships that are rewarding. Even here there are important differences. For men, what demonstrates a solid relationship is quite different from that of most women. Men feel closer and validated through shared activities. Such activities include sports, competition, outdoor activities or sexual activities that are decidedly active and physical. While both men and women can appreciate and engage in these activities they often have preferential differences. Women, on the other hand, feel closer and validated through communication, dialogue and intimate sharing of experience, emotional content and personal perspectives. Many men tend to find such sharing and involvement uncomfortable, if not, overwhelming. The Task of Relationship Facing Men and Women The task that faces men and women is to learn to accept their differences, avoid taking their differences as personal attempts to frustrate each other, and to compromise whenever possible. The idea that one gender can think and feel like the other if they truly loved each is rather absurd. Sure, a man or women could act in consideration of the other’s needs, but this would not necessarily be rewarding and honest. Holding the benefit of another above our own is rewarding. But from time to time, and more often for most of us, it is important to be our self and to be accepted, and not to be the source of distress and disappointment in the lives of people we love. The Role of Counseling and Therapy Counseling and therapy can help a couple understand and appreciate each other, and even benefit from their differences. Understanding these differences intellectually is not enough. A counselor or therapist can help point out these differences, as they surface, and guide a couple to a greater level of relationship. Understanding that differences are not intentional and that misunderstandings are merely the result of expectations that are not realistic can make a huge difference in a relationship. The differences that can be sensed between a man and women can deepen their relationship. More importantly, when men seek to understand and appreciate that which is feminine, they come to a deeper understanding of their self. And when a woman seeks to understand that which is masculine in men, they come to appreciate and understand more about their own masculinity.

Monitor Marketing Strategies and Tactics BBQfun

Monitor Marketing Strategies and Tactics BBQfun Strategies and tactics used to monitor and implement the promotional activities BBQfun is a leading chain store organization in Brisbane. Due to the level of market saturation, and hence competition, it aims to expand its operations and market share alike, through a marketing strategy that has been formulated by its management (Kotler, Adams, Brown Armstrong 2005).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Monitor Marketing Strategies and Tactics: BBQfun specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It has put the necessary mechanisms in place with an aim of achieving its goals and these include facilitation for payments through the introduction of convenient payment plans. In doing this, the organization has automated its stores to enable the customers pay their bills at their own convenience. Therefore, other than carrying cash wherever they go, customers will be able to use credit cards and visa cards to pay for their shopping. As a m eans of implementing the promotional activities of their wide range of products, the organization chose to reduce the prices of the essential goods while maintaining the quality of these products. This not only increased sales of the specific goods but also created awareness to the customer on the availability of the other goods. The company has also ventured into advertisements as this notifies the current and target markets on the existence of new products (Kotler et al. 2005). Monitoring has been done on the various methods of advertisements. The costs incurred in each of them has been analysed and compared with the returns. A promotion strategy yet to be laid out is the broadband roll out. This aims at cutting down the advertisement costs and reaching more people. Another strategy that is being used to monitor these activities is the launching of the loyalty programme. This has enabled the management to keep in touch with consumers and get their feedback on the products. The org anization has also chosen to use market displays in promoting the products and also opted to collaborate with other industries in the joint- industry wide promotions. All these strategies are specifically targeted at introducing existing goods to new markets. They are also used for introducing new goods to current markets.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Strategies and tactics being used to monitor product, pricing and distribution decisions In keeping track of the products and their prices, the organization has strategized on market research. This has helped them in evaluating the market needs and the market prices for competing products. In offering quality products at lower prices, the organization opted to outsourcing as a strategy since it would cost less to import similar goods as compared to manufacturing. The major challenge, however, on outsourcing was th e compromise in quality contrary to their agreement with the supplier. As a means of lowering the product prices, the organization is further venturing into internet marketing. This will not the affect product prices and so will keep their prices low. Another strategy that the organization plans to use is branding. In increasing their sales, they are planning to display the country of origin of these items on each of them. This will give the customers an opportunity to compare similar products of different origins and give feedback on their preference. In making distribution decisions they rely on market research and decide on which products to be taken in which areas basing on the demand. Also through their loyalty programme, they are able to contact customers and get their views on a given product. Monitoring of marketing results against targets in the marketing plan The marketing results for the just concluded financial year are a reflection of the targets that were set for the p eriod. The marketing department is a solid team that has not been cowed by threats posed by competitors. The main contributors to the combined growth in sales were the BBQs, accounting for 40% of the sales. The outdoor furniture was also influential, contributing 35% of the sales. The BBQ consumables settled the remaining 25% of the sales. The expansion of the business will play a significant role in increasing the sales volume. The increased sales volume will lower the average cost per unit and hence lead to an increased profit margin. This will be vital for the implementation of the guarantee offered to clients.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Monitor Marketing Strategies and Tactics: BBQfun specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In marketing, it is important that clients timely receive after sales services pledged by the company. Research has indicated that honouring of pledges made to clients is an important marketin g tool (Ferrell Hartline 2010). It is observed that there is an increase in the contribution of sales from BBQ consumables. This is very important to the chain stores given that the marketing strategy targets clients visiting the stores in pursuit of consumables. The recently launched program aiming at enhancing customer loyalty is bound to hit faster with increasing sales from consumables. This will attract a number of customers and hence, a vital tool for monitoring progress made by the marketing team. Monitoring of marketing revenue and costs against budget The costs for marketing of BBQfun have increased in the recent years. It is noted that, in the last financial year, a total of $290,000 went into marketing. Advertising over the radio took a significant share; having received up to $70,000. The remaining $220,000 was spent on other means of product promotion. This was indeed an increase in expenses given that a majority of the product promotion tools were being used for the f irst time. There was a significant increase in revenue for the chain stores. This is attributed to the aggressive marketing that was carried out by the marketing department. The vibrant marketing strategy facilitated the creation of greater awareness for products offered by BBQfun. It is noted that the loyalty program alone, created 70% product awareness in Brisbane. This was significant in increasing the sales which in return ensured that the chain stores still earned a considerable increment in revenue. This was important given that a number of marketing tools that were employed had not been catered for in the previous financial year’s budget.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Variations in revenue and costs against budget Analysis of the latest IBIS report for the chain industry reveals the need for care in strategy execution. There is a general increase in unemployment and the interest rates are also scaling higher. These are serious issues which are bound to affect budgetary allocations for the current and future financial years. The revenues will be negatively affected by the higher interest rates since the costs will be going up. On the other hand, unemployment will lower the purchasing power and hence an overall decrease in revenue. Conclusion BBQfun is a fast growing chain store. In order for it to go nationwide, there is a need for greater investment in marketing. The current marketing strategy has been instrumental in achieving the significant growth that has so far been registered. It is, however, important that the chain store adopts a new marketing strategy, geared at driving the company towards nationwide operation. References Ferrell, OC Ha rtline, M 2010, Marketing Strategy, Cengage Learning, Connecticut. Kotler, P, Adams, S, Brown, Armstrong, G 2005, Principles of Marketing, 3rd edition, Prentice Hall, New Jersey.